Upsert

Mock upsert operations in unit tests to avoid actual database upserts.

WARNING

The DML.mock() and DML.retrieveResultFor() methods are @TestVisible and should only be used in test classes.

TIP

• No database operations: Mocked upserts don't touch the database
• IDs are assigned: New records receive valid mocked IDs
• Results are captured: All operation details are available via DML.retrieveResultFor()
• Selective mocking: Use upsertsFor() to mock specific SObject types while allowing others to execute

Example

public class AccountService {
    public void syncAccounts() {
        List<Account> accounts = new List<Account>{
            new Account(Name = 'New Account'),
            new Account(Name = 'Another Account')
        };

        new DML()
            .toUpsert(accounts)
            .identifier('AccountService.syncAccounts')
            .commitWork();
    }
}

@IsTest
static void shouldSyncAccounts() {
    // Setup
    DML.mock('AccountService.syncAccounts').allUpserts();

    // Test
    Test.startTest();
    new AccountService().syncAccounts();
    Test.stopTest();

    // Verify
    DML.Result result = DML.retrieveResultFor('AccountService.syncAccounts');

    Assert.areEqual(0, [SELECT COUNT() FROM Account], 'No records in database');

    DML.OperationResult accountResult = result.upsertsOf(Account.SObjectType);
    Assert.areEqual(2, accountResult.successes().size(), '2 accounts should be upserted');
}

allUpserts

Mock all upsert operations regardless of SObject type.

Signature

DML.mock(String identifier).allUpserts();

Class

public class DataService {
    public void syncData() {
        Account account = new Account(Name = 'Test Account');
        Contact contact = new Contact(LastName = 'Doe');

        new DML()
            .toUpsert(account)
            .toUpsert(contact)
            .identifier('DataService.syncData')
            .commitWork();
    }
}

Test

@IsTest
static void shouldMockMultipleSObjectTypes() {
    // Setup
    DML.mock('DataService.syncData').allUpserts();

    // Test
    Test.startTest();
    new DataService().syncData();
    Test.stopTest();

    // Verify
    DML.Result result = DML.retrieveResultFor('DataService.syncData');

    Assert.areEqual(0, [SELECT COUNT() FROM Account], 'No accounts in database');
    Assert.areEqual(0, [SELECT COUNT() FROM Contact], 'No contacts in database');
    Assert.areEqual(2, result.upserts().size(), '2 SObject types mocked');
}

upsertsFor

Mock upsert operations only for a specific SObject type. Other SObject types will be upserted in the database.

Signature

DML.mock(String identifier).upsertsFor(SObjectType objectType);

Class

public class DataService {
    public void syncData() {
        Account account = new Account(Name = 'Test Account');
        Contact contact = new Contact(LastName = 'Doe');

        new DML()
            .toUpsert(account)
            .toUpsert(contact)
            .identifier('DataService.syncData')
            .commitWork();
    }
}

Test

@IsTest
static void shouldMockOnlyContactUpserts() {
    // Setup - Mock only Contact upserts
    DML.mock('DataService.syncData').upsertsFor(Contact.SObjectType);

    // Test
    Test.startTest();
    new DataService().syncData();
    Test.stopTest();

    // Verify
    DML.Result result = DML.retrieveResultFor('DataService.syncData');

    Assert.areEqual(1, [SELECT COUNT() FROM Account], 'Account actually upserted');
    Assert.areEqual(0, [SELECT COUNT() FROM Contact], 'Contact mocked - not in database');
}

Retrieving Results

Use DML.retrieveResultFor() to access the mocked operation results.

Signature

DML.Result result = DML.retrieveResultFor(String identifier);

Class

public class AccountService {
    public void upsertAccount() {
        Account account = new Account(Name = 'Test Account');

        new DML()
            .toUpsert(account)
            .identifier('AccountService.upsertAccount')
            .commitWork();
    }
}

Test

@IsTest
static void shouldAccessRecordResults() {
    // Setup
    DML.mock('AccountService.upsertAccount').allUpserts();

    // Test
    Test.startTest();
    new AccountService().upsertAccount();
    Test.stopTest();

    // Verify
    DML.Result result = DML.retrieveResultFor('AccountService.upsertAccount');
    DML.OperationResult opResult = result.upsertsOf(Account.SObjectType);

    Assert.areEqual(Account.SObjectType, opResult.objectType(), 'Should be Account type');
    Assert.areEqual(DML.OperationType.UPSERT_DML, opResult.operationType(), 'Should be UPSERT operation');
    Assert.isFalse(opResult.hasFailures(), 'Should have no failures');
}